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Python中使用Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException的注意事项和实例

发布时间:2024-01-19 23:20:37

Thrift是一种高效的跨语言的RPC框架,Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException是其异常处理类,用于在通信过程中发生异常时进行封装和传输。下面是使用Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException的注意事项和示例:

1. 异常类型:

Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException主要有以下几种类型:

- UNKNOWN:未知异常

- UNKNOWN_METHOD:未知方法

- INVALID_MESSAGE_TYPE:无效消息类型

- WRONG_METHOD_NAME:错误的方法名称

- BAD_SEQUENCE_ID:不正确的序列ID

- MISSING_RESULT:缺少结果

- INTERNAL_ERROR:内部错误

- PROTOCOL_ERROR:协议错误

2. 抛出异常:

在服务端代码中,当遇到错误情况时,可以使用Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException来抛出异常。例如,当客户端发送了一个未知的方法调用时,可以使用以下代码抛出一个UNKNOWN_METHOD异常:

   raise Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException(Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationExceptionType.UNKNOWN_METHOD, 'Unknown method: ' + method_name)
   

在抛出异常时,可以传入异常类型和可选的错误消息。

3. 处理异常:

在客户端代码中,当调用远程服务时发生异常,可以使用try-except语句来处理异常。例如:

   try:
       client.do_something()
   except Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException as e:
       print("An error occurred: %s" % e.message)
   

4. 自定义异常:

除了使用Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException提供的预定义异常类型外,还可以自定义异常类型。例如,可以定义一个自定义的异常类CustomException,并使用Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationExceptionType的值作为异常类型码:

   class CustomException(Exception):
       def __init__(self, message):
           super().__init__(message)

   raise Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException(Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationExceptionType.UNKNOWN,
                                             'Unknown exception: ' + str(CustomException(message)))
   

在处理异常时,可以根据异常类型码来判断和处理不同类型的异常。

5. 完整示例:

下面是一个简单的Thrift应用场景的示例:

- thrift文件定义:

   namespace py example

   struct Person {
     1: required string name
     2: required i32 age
   }

   service ExampleService {
     void ping(),
     string say_hello(),
     Person get_person(1:i32 id),
     void save_person(1:Person person)
   }
   

- 服务端实现:

   from thrift import Thrift
   from thrift.transport import TSocket, TTransport
   from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol
   from thrift.server import TServer
   
   import example.ExampleService as ExampleService
   from example.ttypes import Person
   
   class ExampleServiceHandler:
       def ping(self):
           print('Received ping request')
   
       def say_hello(self):
           return 'Hello, World!'
   
       def get_person(self, id):
           if id == 1:
               return Person(name='Alice', age=20)
           else:
               raise Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException(Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationExceptionType.UNKNOWN_METHOD, 'Person not found')
   
       def save_person(self, person):
           print('Received person:', person.name, person.age)
   
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       handler = ExampleServiceHandler()
       processor = ExampleService.Processor(handler)
       transport = TSocket.TServerSocket(port=9090)
       tfactory = TTransport.TBufferedTransportFactory()
       pfactory = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocolFactory()
   
       server = TServer.TSimpleServer(processor, transport, tfactory, pfactory)
       server.serve()
   

- 客户端调用:

   from thrift import Thrift
   from thrift.transport import TSocket, TTransport
   from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol
   
   import example.ExampleService as ExampleService
   from example.ttypes import Person
   
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       transport = TTransport.TSocket.TSocket('localhost', 9090)
       transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)
       protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
   
       client = ExampleService.Client(protocol)
       transport.open()
   
       try:
           client.ping()
           print(client.say_hello())
           print(client.get_person(1))
           print(client.get_person(2))
           client.save_person(Person(name='Bob', age=30))
       except Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException as e:
           print("An error occurred: %s" % e.message)
   
       transport.close()
   

以上是使用Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException的注意事项和示例。在实际应用中,可以根据具体的需求和业务逻辑,使用Thrift.Thrift.TApplicationException来处理和传递异常信息。