使用Haskell实现一个简单的解释器或编译器
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
module Interpreter where
import Control.Monad.Except
-- Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
data Expr = Lit Integer -- Literal
| Add Expr Expr -- Addition
| Sub Expr Expr -- Subtraction
| Mul Expr Expr -- Multiplication
| Div Expr Expr -- Division
deriving Show
-- Evaluate an expression
eval :: MonadError String m => Expr -> m Integer
eval (Lit n) = return n
eval (Add e1 e2) = do
v1 <- eval e1
v2 <- eval e2
return $ v1 + v2
eval (Sub e1 e2) = do
v1 <- eval e1
v2 <- eval e2
return $ v1 - v2
eval (Mul e1 e2) = do
v1 <- eval e1
v2 <- eval e2
return $ v1 * v2
eval (Div e1 e2) = do
v1 <- eval e1
v2 <- eval e2
if v2 == 0
then throwError "Division by zero"
else return $ v1 div v2
-- Examples
example1 :: (Show a, MonadError String m) => Expr -> m a
example1 expr = eval expr
-- eval (Add (Lit 1) (Lit 2))
-- Output: Right 3
example2 :: (Show a, MonadError String m) => Expr -> m a
example2 expr = eval expr
-- eval (Div (Lit 5) (Lit 0))
-- Output: Left "Division by zero"
The above code defines a simple interpreter for a basic expression language using Haskell. The language supports integer literals, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
The abstract syntax tree (AST) is defined using the Expr data type. The eval function evaluates an expression and returns the result as a monadic action. It uses the MonadError typeclass to handle error handling using the throwError function.
The eval function pattern matches on different expression constructors and recursively evaluates the subexpressions. For division, it checks for division by zero and throws an error if it occurs.
There are two example functions provided: example1 and example2. These functions demonstrate how to use the eval function. example1 evaluates an expression that adds two literals and returns the result. example2 evaluates an expression that performs division by zero, which results in an error.
To test the code, you can call the example functions with different expressions. For example, you can call example1 (Add (Lit 1) (Lit 2)) to evaluate the expression 1 + 2, which should return the result 3. Similarly, calling example2 (Div (Lit 5) (Lit 0)) should throw an error message "Division by zero".
This is a simplified example of an interpreter in Haskell. In a real-world scenario, a fully-featured interpreter or compiler would have support for more complex language features, variable bindings, control flow, and error handling.
