Python函数：编写一个简单的GUI界面

发布时间：2023-05-21 21:05:15

Python是一种简单易学的编程语言，能够快速构建Web应用、桌面应用和科学计算等各种应用程序。Python函数是Python程序中最常用的代码块之一，能够重用代码，提高程序的效率和可读性。

为了更直观地演示Python函数的使用，本文将编写一个简单的GUI界面，实现一个计算器的基本功能，帮助读者了解Python函数在GUI编程中的应用。

1、导入模块：

在Python中，GUI编程的主要模块为Tkinter，需要先将其导入到程序中。

import tkinter as tk

2、创建主窗口：

在Tkinter中，使用Tk()函数创建主窗口，并设置其标题。

root = tk.Tk()

root.title("Calculator")

3、添加文本框：

使用Entry()函数创建一个文本框，用于显示计算结果和输入内容。

entry = tk.Entry(root, width=35, borderwidth=5)

entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=10, pady=10)

4、定义按钮：

使用Button()函数创建计算器的各个按钮，包括数字按钮、运算符按钮和“清空”按钮。每个按钮都具有不同的功能，可以通过command属性来指定相应的函数。

def button_click(number):

current = entry.get()

entry.delete(0, tk.END)

entry.insert(0, str(current) + str(number))

def button_clear():

entry.delete(0, tk.END)

def button_add():

first_number = entry.get()

global f_num

global math

math = "addition"

f_num = float(first_number)

entry.delete(0, tk.END)

def button_subtract():

first_number = entry.get()

global f_num

global math

math = "subtraction"

f_num = float(first_number)

entry.delete(0, tk.END)

def button_multiply():

first_number = entry.get()

global f_num

global math

math = "multiplication"

f_num = float(first_number)

entry.delete(0, tk.END)

def button_divide():

first_number = entry.get()

global f_num

global math

math = "division"

f_num = float(first_number)

entry.delete(0, tk.END)

def button_equal():

second_number = entry.get()

entry.delete(0, tk.END)

if math == "addition":

entry.insert(0, f_num + float(second_number))

elif math == "subtraction":

entry.insert(0, f_num - float(second_number))

elif math == "multiplication":

entry.insert(0, f_num * float(second_number))

elif math == "division":

entry.insert(0, f_num / float(second_number))

5、布局控件：

使用grid()函数来布局控件，使计算器的各个组件按照合适的位置进行排列。

button_1 = tk.Button(root, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(1))

button_2 = tk.Button(root, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(2))

button_3 = tk.Button(root, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(3))

button_4 = tk.Button(root, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(4))

button_5 = tk.Button(root, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(5))

button_6 = tk.Button(root, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(6))

button_7 = tk.Button(root, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(7))

button_8 = tk.Button(root, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(8))

button_9 = tk.Button(root, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(9))

button_0 = tk.Button(root, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: button_click(0))

button_add = tk.Button(root, text="+", padx=39, pady=20, command=button_add)

button_subtract = tk.Button(root, text="-", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_subtract)

button_multiply = tk.Button(root, text="x", padx=40, pady=20, command=button_multiply)

button_divide = tk.Button(root, text="/", padx=41, pady=20, command=button_divide)

button_equal = tk.Button(root, text="=", padx=91, pady=20, command=button_equal)

button_clear = tk.Button(root, text="clear", padx=79, pady=20, command=button_clear)

button_1.grid(row=3, column=0)

button_2.grid(row=3, column=1)

button_3.grid(row=3, column=2)

button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)

button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)

button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)

button_7.grid(row=1, column=0)

button_8.grid(row=1, column=1)

button_9.grid(row=1, column=2)

button_0.grid(row=4, column=0)

button_clear.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=2)

button_add.grid(row=5, column=0)

button_subtract.grid(row=6, column=0)

button_multiply.grid(row=6, column=1)

button_divide.grid(row=6, column=2)

button_equal.grid(row=5, column=1, columnspan=2)

6、运行程序：

使用mainloop()函数启动程序的运行，显示计算器窗口。

root.mainloop()

完整的代码如下：