欢迎访问宙启技术站
智能推送

Java中如何实现加密和解密字符串?

发布时间:2023-07-04 03:05:01

在Java中,可以使用各种加密算法来实现字符串的加密和解密。下面将介绍两种常用的加密算法:对称加密和非对称加密。

1. 对称加密:

对称加密算法使用相同的密钥对数据进行加密和解密。常用的对称加密算法有DES、AES和DESede等。下面是使用AES对称加密算法来实现字符串的加密和解密的示例代码:

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;

public class SymmetricEncryptionExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String message = "Hello World!";
        String secretKey = "MySecretKey";

        // 加密
        String encryptedMessage = encrypt(message, secretKey);
        System.out.println("Encrypted Message: " + encryptedMessage);

        // 解密
        String decryptedMessage = decrypt(encryptedMessage, secretKey);
        System.out.println("Decrypted Message: " + decryptedMessage);
    }

    public static String encrypt(String message, String secretKey) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(secretKey.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec);
        byte[] encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedBytes);
    }

    public static String decrypt(String encryptedMessage, String secretKey) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(secretKey.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec);
        byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedMessage));
        return new String(decryptedBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }
}

2. 非对称加密:

非对称加密算法使用一对密钥,其中一个密钥用于加密数据,另一个密钥用于解密数据。常用的非对称加密算法有RSA和DSA等。下面是使用RSA非对称加密算法来实现字符串的加密和解密的示例代码:

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.util.Base64;

public class AsymmetricEncryptionExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String message = "Hello World!";

        // 生成密钥对
        KeyPair keyPair = generateKeyPair();

        // 加密
        String encryptedMessage = encrypt(message, keyPair.getPublic());
        System.out.println("Encrypted Message: " + encryptedMessage);

        // 解密
        String decryptedMessage = decrypt(encryptedMessage, keyPair.getPrivate());
        System.out.println("Decrypted Message: " + decryptedMessage);
    }

    public static KeyPair generateKeyPair() throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048);
        return keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
    }

    public static String encrypt(String message, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        byte[] encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedBytes);
    }

    public static String decrypt(String encryptedMessage, PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
        byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedMessage));
        return new String(decryptedBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }
}

通过使用对称加密和非对称加密算法,可以实现字符串的加密和解密,在保护数据的安全性方面发挥重要作用。