10个在Java异常处理中常见的函数
1. try-catch
The try-catch block is a basic exception handling mechanism used in Java. In this block, you write code that can throw an exception. You then surround the code with a try block. If an exception occurs, it is caught by a catch block, which then handles the exception by either printing an error message or otherwise taking some corrective action.
2. throw
The throw keyword is used to explicitly throw an exception. You can create your own exceptions by extending the Exception class or one of its subclasses. When you throw an exception, it must be of a type that extends the Exception class. You can then catch the exception using a try-catch block.
3. throws
The throws keyword is used to declare that a method may throw an exception. You can declare multiple exceptions separated by commas. When you call a method that has a throws declaration, you must surround the call with a try-catch block or declare that the calling method may also throw an exception using the throws keyword.
4. finally
The finally block is used to execute code that must be run regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not. An example of this would be closing a file or database connection. The finally block is always executed, even if a return statement is encountered earlier in the try-catch block.
5. getMessage()
The getMessage() method is used to retrieve the error message associated with an exception. This method is defined in the Throwable class, which is the parent class of all exceptions in Java.
6. printStackTrace()
The printStackTrace() method is used to print the stack trace of an exception. This method is defined in the Throwable class and is useful for debugging purposes. It prints a detailed description of the entire stack trace and shows where the exception occurred and how it propagates through the call stack.
7. getStackTrace()
The getStackTrace() method is used to retrieve the stack trace of an exception as an array of StackTraceElement objects. This method can be used to manipulate the stack trace, for example, to print out only specific parts of it or to analyze the call chain leading to the exception.
8. fillInStackTrace()
The fillInStackTrace() method is used to refresh the stack trace of an exception object. This method is useful when the exception object is passed between threads, and you want to update the stack trace to reflect the current thread. The method returns the updated exception object.
9. initCause()
The initCause() method is used to set the cause of an exception. This method can be used to associate a cause with an exception, which can help simplify exception handling.
10. printStackTrace(PrintWriter pw)
The printStackTrace(PrintWriter pw) method is used to print the stack trace of an exception to a specified PrintWriter object. This method is useful when you want to redirect the output of the stack trace to a log file or other output stream.
