Python中使用OAEP加密算法保护敏感数据的方法

在Python中使用OAEP加密算法保护敏感数据的方法如下：

1. 导入所需的库和模块

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding, rsa
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

2. 生成RSA密钥对

private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(
    public_exponent=65537,
    key_size=2048,
    backend=default_backend()
)
public_key = private_key.public_key()

3. 将公钥和私钥保存到文件

private_pem = private_key.private_bytes(
    encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
    format=serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
    encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption()
)
with open('private.pem', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(private_pem)
    
public_pem = public_key.public_bytes(
    encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
    format=serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
)
with open('public.pem', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(public_pem)

4. 加载公钥和私钥

with open('private.pem', 'rb') as f:
    private_pem = f.read()
    private_key = serialization.load_pem_private_key(private_pem, password=None, backend=default_backend())

with open('public.pem', 'rb') as f:
    public_pem = f.read()
    public_key = serialization.load_pem_public_key(public_pem, backend=default_backend())

5. 使用公钥进行加密和私钥进行解密

data = b'This is sensitive data'

# 加密
ciphertext = public_key.encrypt(
    data,
    padding.OAEP(
        mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()),
        algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
        label=None
    )
)

# 解密
plaintext = private_key.decrypt(
    ciphertext,
    padding.OAEP(
        mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()),
        algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
        label=None
    )
)

print("原始数据：", data)
print("解密后的数据：", plaintext)

以上就是使用OAEP加密算法保护敏感数据的方法和示例代码。OAEP算法是一种安全可靠的加密算法，它可以在保护数据机密性的同时提高安全性，防止数据被篡改和伪造。