ctypes.windll在Python中与Windows注册表交互的方法

在Python中，可以使用ctypes.windll来与Windows注册表交互。ctypes.windll是一个库，它允许在Python中调用本机Windows DLL函数。

首先，你需要导入ctypes模块，并使用windll属性来加载Windows注册表的DLL库。

import ctypes

下面是几个常用的函数和使用例子：

1. RegOpenKeyEx函数：用于打开一个指定的注册表键。

def open_registry_key(root_key, sub_key):
    # 定义函数的返回类型为 HANDLE
    ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegOpenKeyExA.restype = ctypes.c_ulong

    hkey = None
    result = ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegOpenKeyExA(root_key, sub_key, 0, ctypes.KEY_ALL_ACCESS, ctypes.byref(hkey))
    if result == 0:
        print(f"Successfully opened the key '{sub_key}'")
        return hkey
    else:
        print(f"Failed to open the key '{sub_key}'. Error code: {result}")
        return None

2. RegCreateKeyEx函数：用于创建一个新的注册表键。

def create_registry_key(root_key, sub_key):
    # 定义函数的返回类型为 HANDLE
    ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegCreateKeyExA.restype = ctypes.c_ulong

    hkey = None
    result = ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegCreateKeyExA(root_key, sub_key, 0, None, ctypes.REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, ctypes.KEY_ALL_ACCESS, None, ctypes.byref(hkey), None)
    if result == 0:
        print(f"Successfully created the key '{sub_key}'")
        return hkey
    else:
        print(f"Failed to create the key '{sub_key}'. Error code: {result}")
        return None

3. RegSetValueEx函数：用于设置或修改注册表键的值。

def set_registry_value(hkey, value_name, value_type, value_data):
    result = ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegSetValueExA(hkey, value_name, 0, value_type, ctypes.byref(value_data), ctypes.sizeof(value_data))
    if result == 0:
        print(f"Successfully set the value '{value_name}'")
    else:
        print(f"Failed to set the value '{value_name}'. Error code: {result}")

4. RegQueryValueEx函数：用于获取注册表键的值。

def get_registry_value(hkey, value_name, value_type):
    buffer_size = 1024
    buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(buffer_size)
    data_size = ctypes.c_ulong(buffer_size)

    result = ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegQueryValueExA(hkey, value_name, None, ctypes.byref(value_type), ctypes.byref(buffer), ctypes.byref(data_size))
    if result == 0:
        if value_type.value == ctypes.REG_SZ:
            print(f"The value '{value_name}' is a string: {buffer.value.decode()}")
        elif value_type.value == ctypes.REG_DWORD:
            print(f"The value '{value_name}' is a DWORD: {ctypes.cast(buffer, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ulong)).contents.value}")
        else:
            print(f"The value '{value_name}' has an unrecognized type")

        return buffer.value.decode()
    else:
        print(f"Failed to get the value '{value_name}'. Error code: {result}")
        return None

注意：在上面的例子中，root_key和sub_key参数分别指定要打开或创建的注册表键的根项和子项。常用的根键有HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE和HKEY_CURRENT_USER。

下面是一个完整的例子，展示了如何使用上述函数打开、创建、设置和获取注册表键的值：

import ctypes

def open_registry_key(root_key, sub_key):
    ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegOpenKeyExA.restype = ctypes.c_ulong

    hkey = None
    result = ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegOpenKeyExA(root_key, sub_key, 0, ctypes.KEY_ALL_ACCESS, ctypes.byref(hkey))
    if result == 0:
        print(f"Successfully opened the key '{sub_key}'")
        return hkey
    else:
        print(f"Failed to open the key '{sub_key}'. Error code: {result}")
        return None

def create_registry_key(root_key, sub_key):
    ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegCreateKeyExA.restype = ctypes.c_ulong

    hkey = None
    result = ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegCreateKeyExA(root_key, sub_key, 0, None, ctypes.REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, ctypes.KEY_ALL_ACCESS, None, ctypes.byref(hkey), None)
    if result == 0:
        print(f"Successfully created the key '{sub_key}'")
        return hkey
    else:
        print(f"Failed to create the key '{sub_key}'. Error code: {result}")
        return None

def set_registry_value(hkey, value_name, value_type, value_data):
    result = ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegSetValueExA(hkey, value_name, 0, value_type, ctypes.byref(value_data), ctypes.sizeof(value_data))
    if result == 0:
        print(f"Successfully set the value '{value_name}'")
    else:
        print(f"Failed to set the value '{value_name}'. Error code: {result}")

def get_registry_value(hkey, value_name, value_type):
    buffer_size = 1024
    buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(buffer_size)
    data_size = ctypes.c_ulong(buffer_size)

    result = ctypes.windll.advapi32.RegQueryValueExA(hkey, value_name, None, ctypes.byref(value_type), ctypes.byref(buffer), ctypes.byref(data_size))
    if result == 0:
        if value_type.value == ctypes.REG_SZ:
            print(f"The value '{value_name}' is a string: {buffer.value.decode()}")
        elif value_type.value == ctypes.REG_DWORD:
            print(f"The value '{value_name}' is a DWORD: {ctypes.cast(buffer, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ulong)).contents.value}")
        else:
            print(f"The value '{value_name}' has an unrecognized type")

        return buffer.value.decode()
    else:
        print(f"Failed to get the value '{value_name}'. Error code: {result}")
        return None


# 打开注册表
root_key = ctypes.windll.winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER
sub_key = "Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run"
hkey = open_registry_key(root_key, sub_key)

# 设置注册表键的值
value_name = "MyApp"
value_type = ctypes.REG_SZ
value_data = ctypes.create_string_buffer(b"python.exe C:\\path\\to\\my_script.py")

set_registry_value(hkey, value_name, value_type, value_data)

# 获取注册表键的值
get_registry_value(hkey, value_name, ctypes.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)

这是一个简单的例子，展示了如何使用ctypes.windll在Python中与Windows注册表交互。你可以根据自己的需求扩展这个例子，并使用其他ctypes.windll提供的函数来执行更多操作。