Python中如何使用email.mime.base模块的MIMEBase()函数发送带有附件的邮件

在Python中，我们可以使用email.mime.base模块的MIMEBase()函数来发送带有附件的邮件。下面是一个完整的使用示例。

首先，导入需要的模块：

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders

接下来，准备发送邮件所需的内容：

from_addr = 'sender@example.com'  # 发件人邮箱
to_addrs = ['receiver1@example.com', 'receiver2@example.com']  # 收件人邮箱，可以是一个列表
subject = '带附件的邮件'  # 邮件主题
body = '这是一封带附件的邮件，请查收！'  # 邮件正文
attachment_file = 'path/to/attachment_file.txt'  # 附件文件路径

创建一个MIMEMultipart对象作为邮件容器，并设置相关属性：

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = from_addr
msg['To'] = ', '.join(to_addrs)
msg['Subject'] = subject

将邮件正文添加到MIMEMultipart对象中：

msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

通过使用MIMEBase()函数创建一个表示附件的MIMEBase对象，并设置相关属性：

with open(attachment_file, 'rb') as f:
    mime = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
    mime.set_payload(f.read())
    encoders.encode_base64(mime)
    mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=attachment_file.split('/')[-1])
    msg.attach(mime)

连接SMTP服务器并发送邮件：

smtp_server = 'smtp.example.com'  # SMTP服务器地址
username = 'sender@example.com'  # 发件人邮箱用户名
password = 'password'  # 发件人邮箱密码

try:
    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server)
    server.starttls()
    server.login(username, password)
    server.send_message(msg)
    print('邮件发送成功！')
except Exception as e:
    print('邮件发送失败！错误信息：', str(e))
finally:
    server.quit()

完整的示例代码如下：

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders

from_addr = 'sender@example.com'  # 发件人邮箱
to_addrs = ['receiver1@example.com', 'receiver2@example.com']  # 收件人邮箱，可以是一个列表
subject = '带附件的邮件'  # 邮件主题
body = '这是一封带附件的邮件，请查收！'  # 邮件正文
attachment_file = 'path/to/attachment_file.txt'  # 附件文件路径

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = from_addr
msg['To'] = ', '.join(to_addrs)
msg['Subject'] = subject

msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

with open(attachment_file, 'rb') as f:
    mime = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
    mime.set_payload(f.read())
    encoders.encode_base64(mime)
    mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=attachment_file.split('/')[-1])
    msg.attach(mime)

smtp_server = 'smtp.example.com'  # SMTP服务器地址
username = 'sender@example.com'  # 发件人邮箱用户名
password = 'password'  # 发件人邮箱密码

try:
    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server)
    server.starttls()
    server.login(username, password)
    server.send_message(msg)
    print('邮件发送成功！')
except Exception as e:
    print('邮件发送失败！错误信息：', str(e))
finally:
    server.quit()

将上述示例代码中的发件人邮箱、收件人邮箱、附件文件路径、SMTP服务器地址、发件人邮箱用户名以及发件人邮箱密码替换为实际的信息，并运行代码，即可发送带有附件的邮件。