使用make_capsule()函数在Python中创建用于存储敏感数据的胶囊

import hashlib

def make_capsule(data):
    """
    Create a capsule to store sensitive data
    """

    # Generate a random salt value
    salt = hashlib.sha256(os.urandom(16)).hexdigest().encode('ascii')

    # Derive a key using PBKDF2 and the salt value
    key = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', data.encode('utf-8'), salt, 100000)

    # Create a hash of the key
    hashed_key = hashlib.sha256(key).hexdigest().encode('ascii')

    # Generate a random initialization vector (IV)
    iv = os.urandom(16)

    # Encrypt the data using AES-CBC with the hashed key and IV
    cipher = AES.new(hashed_key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
    encrypted_data = cipher.encrypt(pad(data.encode('utf-8'), AES.block_size))

    # Return the capsule containing the encrypted data, salt, and IV
    return {
        'data': encrypted_data,
        'salt': salt,
        'iv': iv
    }

def open_capsule(capsule, key):
    """
    Open a capsule and retrieve the sensitive data.
    """

    # Derive the key using PBKDF2 and the stored salt value
    derived_key = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', key.encode('utf-8'), capsule['salt'], 100000)

    # Create a hash of the derived key
    hashed_derived_key = hashlib.sha256(derived_key).hexdigest().encode('ascii')

    # Decrypt the encrypted data using AES-CBC with the hashed derived key and IV
    cipher = AES.new(hashed_derived_key, AES.MODE_CBC, capsule['iv'])
    decrypted_data = unpad(cipher.decrypt(capsule['data']), AES.block_size)

    # Return the sensitive data
    return decrypted_data.decode('utf-8')

使用说明：

1. 调用make_capsule()函数创建一个胶囊，将敏感数据作为参数传入。例如，capsule = make_capsule("sensitive data")。

2. 调用open_capsule()函数来打开胶囊并检索敏感数据。将胶囊和正确的密钥作为参数传入。例如，data = open_capsule(capsule, "correct key")。

3. 如果使用错误的密钥来打开胶囊，则会引发ValueError异常。

注意：

- 请根据实际需求调整加密算法、参数、迭代次数等。

- 在使用此代码之前，请确保您已经了解了Python的加密库和相关概念，并按照 实践对敏感数据进行保护。