全面解析Tornado中HTTPHeaders()类的属性和方法
Tornado是一个Python的Web框架,它提供了高性能的非阻塞式IO处理方式。在Tornado中,HTTPHeaders()类是一个用于封装HTTP头部的类。HTTPHeaders的实例可以用于处理HTTP请求头和响应头。
HTTPHeaders类的属性:
1. HTTPHeaders.defaults:一个字典,包含了默认的HTTP头部键值对。可以用它来设置全局的默认值。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders HTTPHeaders.defaults['User-Agent'] = 'MyUserAgent'
HTTPHeaders类的方法:
1. HTTPHeaders.__init__(kwargs):初始化一个HTTPHeaders对象。kwargs是一个字典,包含了HTTP头部的键值对。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
http_headers = HTTPHeaders(headers)
2. HTTPHeaders.add(name, value):添加一个HTTP头部的键值对,如果头部已经存在,则值会被追加到原来的值之后,用英文逗号隔开。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
http_headers = HTTPHeaders()
http_headers.add('Accept', 'application/json')
http_headers.add('Accept', 'text/html')
print(http_headers.get('Accept')) # 输出:application/json, text/html
3. HTTPHeaders.clear():清除所有HTTP头部的键值对。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
http_headers = HTTPHeaders({'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
http_headers.clear()
print(http_headers) # 输出:<tornado.httputil.HTTPHeaders object at 0x7f8834f8e860>
4. HTTPHeaders.get_all(name):获取指定名称的HTTP头部的所有值。返回一个列表,如果指定的头部不存在,则返回空列表。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
http_headers = HTTPHeaders({'Accept': 'application/json, text/html'})
print(http_headers.get_all('Accept')) # 输出:['application/json', 'text/html']
5. HTTPHeaders.get(name, default=None):获取指定名称的HTTP头部的值,如果指定的头部不存在,则返回默认值。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
http_headers = HTTPHeaders({'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
print(http_headers.get('Content-Type')) # 输出:application/json
6. HTTPHeaders.items():返回一个HTTP头部的键值对的迭代器。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
http_headers = HTTPHeaders({'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
for name, value in http_headers.items():
print(f'{name}: {value}')
# 输出:
# Content-Type: application/json
7. HTTPHeaders.keys():返回一个HTTP头部的键的迭代器。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
http_headers = HTTPHeaders({'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
for name in http_headers.keys():
print(name)
# 输出:
# Content-Type
8. HTTPHeaders.set(name, value):设置一个HTTP头部的值,如果头部已经存在,则会被替换成新的值。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
http_headers = HTTPHeaders({'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
http_headers.set('Content-Type', 'text/html')
print(http_headers.get('Content-Type')) # 输出:text/html
9. HTTPHeaders.values():返回一个HTTP头部的值的迭代器。例如:
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
http_headers = HTTPHeaders({'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
for value in http_headers.values():
print(value)
# 输出:
# application/json
这些是HTTPHeaders类中的一些常用属性和方法,可以用来处理HTTP头部的相关操作。在实际使用中,根据需要选择合适的方法来处理HTTP头部,以满足应用程序的需求。
